Spots:天后宮前「照壁」 麒麟彩繪白牆


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From PHSea

天后宮前「照壁」 麒麟彩繪白牆

  「澎湖天后宮」的廟埕前面有一堵漆著彩繪麒麟的白牆,一般人看到這堵白牆,都會誤以為是廟會時放電影用的,或認為是廟方當公佈欄,用來貼告示或神明的諭示用,其實這堵牆的名稱叫「照壁」,也有人稱為「照牆」、「照屏」、「影壁」等。

  「照壁」的設計,最早在西周時期(距今已超過三千年以上的歷史)就已經存在了。通常「照壁」是單獨聳立在建築的前面,而且不論在公有建築物如:寺廟、衙門,在私用的民宅前也常常可以看到它的身影。它最主要的功用一般認為是「排除干擾」。寺廟是奉祀神靈鬼魅的地方,之所以設置「照壁」,就是自我設限,使對外干擾人民百姓的程度減到最低。而設在民宅前的「照壁」主要是具屏風、遮蔽的作用,以收阻隔外界「對內」的干擾。

  一般廟宇、廟埕前的「照壁」都朝內,也就是面對廟宇的這一面會做一番的美化,通常是做浮雕或彩繪之類的裝飾,所以也稱之為「內照壁」,而民宅所使用的「照壁」通常沒有像廟宇一樣隔了一大片的廟埕,所以它的裝飾大都擺在外部,所以稱之為「外照壁」。

  根據民俗學者的研究,他們又有另一種詮釋:「傳說中認為『內照壁』設置是為了阻隔廟內的神光煞氣衝到前方,會影響到百姓的安寧;而『外照壁』的作用則剛好相反,『外照壁』的設置,為的是抵擋妖魔鬼怪的入侵。」這樣的說法的確讓人覺得比較人性化。

  但「照壁」通常會有浮雕或是彩繪之類的裝飾,為什麼「澎湖天后宮」這麼重要的一座廟宇,「照壁」之前竟然沒做任何裝飾,只是一堵白牆?直至最近才漆上彩繪麒麟!其實根據在地耆老口述,西元一九二三年(大正十二年、民國十二年)大廟重修時,「照壁」是有「麒麟」(另有一說是龍形)的彩繪裝飾,而現在「麒麟昇天」空白一片的情形是因為民國六十八年「澎湖天后宮」被行政院文建會評定國家一級古蹟後,民國七十二年委託台灣大學規劃整修,該單位以「殘蹟保存」為原則進行整修,換句話說就是:「以整修當時的殘蹟現狀,依所有能蒐集到的可信資料,儘可能的恢復原貌。找得到完整的原始資料(譬如:原稿或照片等)的部份,依樣修補,沒有可信資料的情形下,寧可以『補白』的方式,留待他日找到可信資料再作處理。」到目前為止,除了口述外,還沒有找到積極可信的資料可以補畫,所以照壁只能『補白』處理了。

  聽說「殘蹟保存」原則的修護,此處還是台灣官方修護古蹟的首例,也是目前最經典的作品呢!

資料來源:澎湖時報 [2006/07/18]