Spots:貓嶼台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地


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貓嶼台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地


  貓嶼孤懸外海,地勢陡峭;夏季時,附近海域受黑潮支流影響,漁產豐富,因此成為台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地,其中燕鷗類更高達數萬隻。在經各地保育團體的呼籲及專家實際的調查評估後,於八十年三月十六日經行政院農委會(八十)農林字第00三0一一七A號函核定,澎湖縣政府八十年五月廿日(八十)澎府農漁字第二一四四二號公告為「貓嶼海鳥保護區」,成為台灣第一個野生動物保護區。

  澎湖的生態環境大概可以分為水域和陸域二大類。水域又分為淡水水域和海水水域。由於澎湖境內地勢平坦,無高山可阻擋水氣,降雨量少,全島無溪流,因此淡水水域僅見於各水庫,如興仁水庫、東衛水庫及成功水庫等,常見的鳥類為紅冠水雞、小鷿(虒鳥)和翠鳥等。在海域經常可看到的有鷗科、軍艦鳥科和鰹鳥科的鳥類。至於鷸科、(行鳥)科、鷺科、雁鴨科等在淡水水域和岸邊的沼澤地或海邊的潮間帶都可以看到。如菜園濕地、青螺濕地、北海潮間帶及澎南一帶的海濱都是極佳的賞鳥據點。

  在澎湖,這些鳥類以鷗科中的燕鷗類最為主要。其中玄燕鷗、白眉燕鷗、紅燕鷗、蒼燕鷗、小燕鷗和鳳頭燕鷗是澎湖的夏候鳥,每年三至九月在澎湖繁殖,群集於各無人島上,因此,澎湖的夏季到處輕鷗片片。

  陸鳥方面,由於澎湖地勢平坦,一眼望去盡是黃草遍地,又無高大原始樹林,所以陸域鳥類相當稀少,常見的鳥除麻雀、小雲雀、白頭鶲、綠繡眼、紅鳩、珠頸鳩、八哥等留鳥外,就只能等每年春、夏過境期,一些以澎湖為中繼站的過境鳥了。

  自史溫候氏(Robert Shwinhoe)起至目前為止,澎湖有記錄的鳥種為二百九十九種,其中以過境鳥最多,占全部發現的鳥種的百分之五十二,其次是迷鳥占百分之二十三,再其次是冬候鳥占百分之十七,留鳥只占百分之五.四,夏候鳥則占百分之二.六。從上面的結果可知,澎湖由於地理位置、地表植被及氣候的因素,成為大批來南北返候鳥的中繼站。

貓嶼海鳥保護區

  貓嶼位於澎湖群島的西南方海淢,距馬公市約五十公里,距望安西南方約二十五公里,離七美西北方約二十公里。貓嶼島是由大、小貓嶼所組成,面積共十.0二公頃,兩島東西對峙,由海上遠眺宛如兩隻貓蹲伏在海面上而得名。島上處處奇岩矗立,四周均被斷崖所圍繞,地形險惡,攀登不易。大貓嶼的最高點海拔七十九公尺,更是澎湖群島的最高峰。

  截至目前為止,貓嶼共發現二十八科七十五種鳥類。但除夏候鳥燕鷗和留鳥岩鷺外,其餘鳥種大都偶爾經過,或甚至幾年才出現一次。燕鷗中又以白眉燕鷗和玄燕鷗數量最多,幾乎占了全部數量的百分之九十九。值得一提的是,相當稀有的短尾信天翁、黑腳信天翁、大水薙鳥、灰水薙鳥和白腹鰹鳥等也在此出現過。


資料來源:澎湖時報[2006/08/14]