Spots:相公廟 魯國大夫廟 神話故事 讓人津津樂道20080827
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相公廟 魯國大夫廟 神話故事 讓人津津樂道
（記者宋國正報導）西嶼鄉早年在跨海大橋未興建時，是一個孤立的島嶼，居民大多以海為田，其漁民安危全賴神明為精神寄託，因此島上寺廟特別多，除了每個聚落的村民宗教信仰中心外，尚有許多年代不詳的小廟，其中外垵魯國大夫廟，內垵的相公廟都有一段有趣的神話故事，至今為人所津津樂道。
肇建於清朝年間距今已有二百多年歷史的內垵相公廟，主祀田都元帥或稱相公爺，也稱雷元帥，相傳就是唐朝樂工雷海清，天寶年間，他為玄宗皇帝內廷的供奉，管領梨園弟子，在他死後，尊為音樂之神，早先福建省興化縣便有祭祀「田都元帥王廟」的廟，在那廟裏的碑文上，敘述曾獲唐肅宗追封為太常寺卿，迨至宋高宗加封為大元帥，據說唐玄宗蒙難長安時，雷海清的亡魂顯靈拯救之時，見空中浮現「田都」二字，後人稱之「田都元帥」。臺澎地區北管、南管奉祀之。據廈門志載：「相公宮、祀唐忠烈樂官雷海清、唐肅宗追封為寸常寺卿、宋高宗追封為大元帥，嬰孩生瘡毒，祈禱屢效。」
也有人說「田」字，實際上則為雷字，因上半雨字被雲層遮蔽。「田公元帥」在福建莆田可以說是一尊紅得發紫的神，他的臉也是朱紅色的，微含笑意，英俊瀟潦灑，頭上梳著兩條長辮子，嘴角上畫著螃蟹腳，據說是因考中探花，賜宴御苑，酒醉後，睡在御苑中，被楊貴妃戲弄畫的，醒後便無法洗去，家鄉的地方戲子都供奉他。
「田都元帥」的誕辰為六月十一日，但是誕日祭又各地不同，例如台北市龍山區紫來宮是六月十、十一日，鹿港王渠宮是六月十六日。又因「田都元帥」十音樂神，昔日本省藝妓為祈求才藝精沈，在八月二十三日起連續三天焚香膜拜並且大開盛筵招待賀客。
澎湖地區「相公廟」僅一座，位於西嶼內垵村縣有公路之旁，接近內垵村之北港，約有二百年之久，據村民先輩敘述，昔日有地方戲班子，訓練其梨園子弟，常赴該廟祭拜，以求其才藝精進，當時該廟規模不大，迨民國七十一年重建，民國七十二年初落成，煥然一新。
而位於外垵的魯國大夫廟，主祀魯班之姓名諸說不一，史記及後漢書均稱「公輸般」，孟子離婁注稱「公輸子魯班」。墨子作「公輸盤」。太平廣記作「公輸班」，朝野作「魯班」。漢書謂為魯哀公時人，太平廣記謂為肅州敦煌人，年代不詳，一般字書均以春秋時巧匠解之，並稱後世土木工人奉為祖師，朝野載魯般：「巧牟造化，嘗作木鳶，乘之而飛。」令人奉為水仙，是否於驚濤駭浪中求救無門，藉此木鳶飛離苦海，則不得而知。
臺澎地區祀奉魯班為巧聖先師、或稱魯班公，老班公、大師府。然胡地區以「魯班公」為主神的寺廟計有一座，在西嶼鄉外垵村溫王宮之旁，可能與外垵係漁民眾多的村落有關，奉為水仙以保海上捕魚生命之安全，或有謂數十年有幾位石匠工人奉祀魯班公在此，祈求保佑其事業斷黃騰達。
記者：宋國正報導 / 2008/08/27 12:00:00
資料來源:澎湖時報
