Spots:《澎荷400年》回到17世紀 重溫荷蘭情 航海、書信、武器、宗教...仿荷風情原味呈現20041124
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《澎荷400年》回到17世紀 重溫荷蘭情 航海、書信、武器、宗教...仿荷風情原味呈現
【李月華】
為紀念澎荷初會400周年，文建會與荷蘭貿易投資辦事處合作舉辦「17世紀活躍在台澎海域的荷蘭人特展」，時間自即日起自12月19日，地點在澎湖天后宮清風閣一樓，特展內容呈現17世紀活躍在台澎海域的荷蘭人日常生活，除了貿易活動之外，還包括怪物與紅夷、航海、書信日記、日常生活、澎湖的紅毛城、武器、宗教、罪與罰等。
17世紀的歐洲，已經經歷了人文主義、文藝復興、宗教改革和地理大發現的歷史階段。當時荷蘭是歐洲唯一實施民主議會制度的國家。荷蘭商家為了從事東方貿易，於1602年成立東印度公司。隨著公司事業的擴張，現代資本主義的建制也發達起來，與同一時期遠在東方仍處於農業封建社會的中國形成強烈對比。
東印度公司為荷蘭帶來了史上所稱的「黃金時期」，新興商業貴族和中產階級開始出現，社會的富裕達到空前的地步。總計在將近2個世紀中，該公司共向海外派出1772艘船隻，有將近100萬人次的歐洲人隨著4789個航次航向亞洲的船隻到了海外。在公司的鼎盛時期，海外各基地有2萬5千名左右的僱員，1萬2千名船員操作著它的船隊。
「17世紀活躍在台澎海域的荷蘭人特展」策展人歐蘭英指出，本次特展希望透過活潑的互動展示，重現400年前澎湖先民及活躍在台澎海域的荷蘭人的生活樣貌。由於事隔400年，多半歷史文物已隨時間湮滅，所以特展以文獻及圖片為主，輔以模型及小部分實物。例如在船隻方面，有中國運船模型、清代三板船模型、荷蘭船Breda號及Du yfken號模型；貨幣方面，有明、清時代的中國銀錢和17世紀的荷蘭銀錢各5件；明末清初閩南常見的石獅子有2件；17世紀末閩南中國房屋裝飾用的洋人洗大眾1件。
仿當時文物的複製品則包括17世紀的荷蘭玻璃杯、錫盤、錫壺、頭盔、蚌殼劍、船隻造型圖案的荷蘭瓷磚、以及中國弓箭等。墨斗和刨則分別為中國及荷蘭的木工工具。
呈現17世紀台澎海域貿易活動的文獻與圖片不少，包括現收藏於荷蘭國家博物館的《福州之景》(作者不詳，完成於17世紀末)、收藏於國立台灣歷史博物館的荷蘭人與中國人在鄰近廈門中國海岸的衝突 (作者洪倫泰因)、以及由荷蘭國家博物館所收藏的雅克．凡、聶克之版畫等。
媽祖是中國東南沿海及台澎海域共同信仰的神祇，大約在1800年，一名不知名的畫家畫下了《媽祖聖記圖：媽祖救路允迪》，此畫目前由荷蘭國家博物館所收藏。台灣歷史博物館則收藏了奧立佛．達波爾所繪的《媽祖廟》版畫。此外，兩館分別收藏的《福爾摩沙帆船》及格德蘭號航海日誌裡的水手素描等，生動描繪當時的海上活動情形。
歐蘭英說，中國文獻對台灣的記載不多，然而荷蘭東印度公司規定嚴謹，相關人員的日記、書信、報告則為台灣歷史留下許多參考文獻。這次展覽中，澎湖廳志和荷蘭東印度公司董事會1609年的紀錄是推想當年荷蘭人在台澎海域活動的重要依據。
資料來源：[中時晚報] 2004/11/24
