SiteIntro:澎湖地名之旅Part18圭母塢．五德
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From PHSea
馬公市五德里，是澎湖古老的村落之一，明朝時代叫做「圭母塢」，清朝時代叫做「雞母塢社」，光復後才改稱「五德里」。
取名「圭母塢」，是以地形作根據，因為五德里村落後面有個小山，形狀像母雞蹲著孵小雞而得名。
明朝時代所以取名「圭母塢」，是因為「圭」與「雞」閩南話諧音，到了清朝時代，先民認為將「雞」簡寫成「圭」不適當，因而改稱「雞母塢」。
「圭母塢」村落原來是在今雞母塢山南麓，民國五十年左右，台大教授林朝棨到澎湖研究地質時，在雞母塢山南麓海邊發掘到一大片貝塚，他鑑認結果證實，貝塚遺物─不少碗盤碎片及一大堆螺殼，是屬於明朝末期的，也就是說，明朝末期雞母塢山南麓就有人居住了。
五德里聚落現址，是在清朝道光年間才由別處遷來，但據該里年高居民說，聚落是自雞母塢山南麓遷來，原因是雞母塢山南麓較接近嵵裡里海岸，每當海盜在嵵裡海岸登陸後，就沿著嵵裡、井垵打劫到「圭母塢」，先民為逃避海盜搶劫，才從雞母塢山南麓遷到東麓（即現址），因為東麓有雞母塢山作屏障，海盜看不到。另一個可作明朝時代雞母塢山南麓即有人居住的「證據」是，目前南麓仍有地名叫「前寮」、「前寮井」等，而且仍遺留一處年代相當久遠的古井遺跡。
據五德里居民代代相傳的說法，自明末到清末，五德里先民就擁有十多艘大帆船與大陸廈門、漳州、泉州、汕頭一帶進行商業交易活動，因此雞母塢山南麓有個港灣叫做「泊船垵」是澎湖重要港口之一，因為該處港口可避強勁的東南風（颱風）。
由「圭母塢」、「雞母塢社」、「圓頂」（日本時代的地名）演變到民國四十年，實施地方自治才改名為「五德里」，這個古老村落已存在了六百多年歷史。
資料來源:澎湖逍遙遊網站
