Spots:四面環海的澎湖廟宇之多居全台之冠王船祭是極重要的祭典20060823

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四面環海的澎湖廟宇之多居全台之冠王船祭是極重要的祭典

　　記者洪疇雲／澎湖報導）四面環海的澎湖縣，廟宇之多居全台之冠，傳統的宗教迎王，送王船儀式更成為地方盛事，相傳：傳統宗教儀式迎王、送王時，四週海域必有許多艘遊地河王船接近，並有王爺操練五營兵馬，要求信徒不要接近海域活動，以避免悲劇發生。

　　鄉內八十歲老法師說：傳統的宗教儀式佔有極為重要地位的送王儀式，在駐蹕王爺相當於古代的縣太爺，有一定任期附身乩童指示離職卸任後，由信徒蓋建王船恭送，而在送王儀式中又分為遊天河及冥紙焚燒送王；而遊地河則為放逐海水漂流，相傳遊地河的王船若接近村里，全村大小必須淨身焚香恭迎膜拜，程序較為複雜，所以目前宗教送王科儀大部份採遊天河模式，而送王由於必須有隨從，古語相傳都會或多或少帶走人命，有相當禁忌及繁複程序。

　　據傳統宗教習俗口耳相傳，舉凡迎王、送王盛典；當地四周海域必有許多遊地河的王船陸續接近，而隨護王爺的五營兵馬正在招兵買馬，導致各地廟宇奉祀的神明起乩和地方耆老再三呼籲地方民眾，屢逢迎王送王時段，希望信徒務必小心海域活動，免得淪為波臣。

　　該八十歲老法師說：建造王船及燒王船係屬傳統宗教民俗活動，由於這項宗教民俗具有地方特色且禁忌多；尤其澎湖轄內供奉王爺的比率很高，但每座廟宇的流程不盡相同，然而其祈求平安的目的都一致。

　　然而澎湖地區各廟宇辦理「送王」的條件，和台灣本島不太相同，不一定三年一科，有的甚至超過數十年，可能和澎湖民風純樸、人力物力和財力資源不足等因素有直接關係。

　　由於王爺信仰來由很多，澎湖地區各廟宇供奉王爺為主神者比例很高，甚至比被稱為海神的媽祖還要普遍；另依據王爺信仰源由其中一種說法，「送王」科儀可說是溯自先民早年無力對抗瘟疫流行所演繹出來的活動，因此又有送走瘟疫，象徵「和瘟」的意涵。

　　據了解，目前各地「迎王」、「送王」的流程不盡相同，但求庇護四境與民眾的目的一致；科儀各有繁簡不一而足，不過一定都會有擔任籌辦委員各職司人員，並由法師組成法事組統籌各項宗教科儀；「送王」形式早期以放水流即「遊地河」比例最高，近代則以「遊天河」火化為主。

　　而一般送王科儀有許多禁忌，過去民間深信不能有絲毫冒犯，例如，王船建造和駐蹕期間，嚴禁女性觸摸尤其生理期最為忌諱，此外，王船各項法事進行也嚴禁家有喪事者接近或觀看，至於送王時，人更不可以比王船和神明還高，不可高聲談話，王船化吉時必須等中桅杆燒斷才可以離開，至於船上添載的材米油鹽醬醋茶不得攜離，所有工作人員必需慎重辭職，劃清界線，而添載到船上的「王爺雞」不論是否存活，民眾都不能抓來食用等都是嚴格禁忌，因為民間俗信一旦觸犯就會被王船一併帶走。

　　該八十歲老法師最後指出，隨時空變遷，王爺在社會民俗中的觀念價值逐漸改變，截至目前已經沒有瘟神的對應，反而轉變成為民間守護神的意識價值，因此，有了「代天巡狩」的抽象規範，這和以往有絕對的差異；至於民俗禁忌則是見仁見智的事情。

資料來源：澎湖每天電子報2006/08/23