Spots:貓嶼台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地

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貓嶼台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地

　　貓嶼孤懸外海，地勢陡峭；夏季時，附近海域受黑潮支流影響，漁產豐富，因此成為台灣最大的海鳥繁殖地，其中燕鷗類更高達數萬隻。在經各地保育團體的呼籲及專家實際的調查評估後，於八十年三月十六日經行政院農委會（八十）農林字第００三０一一七Ａ號函核定，澎湖縣政府八十年五月廿日（八十）澎府農漁字第二一四四二號公告為「貓嶼海鳥保護區」，成為台灣第一個野生動物保護區。

　　澎湖的生態環境大概可以分為水域和陸域二大類。水域又分為淡水水域和海水水域。由於澎湖境內地勢平坦，無高山可阻擋水氣，降雨量少，全島無溪流，因此淡水水域僅見於各水庫，如興仁水庫、東衛水庫及成功水庫等，常見的鳥類為紅冠水雞、小鷿(虒鳥)和翠鳥等。在海域經常可看到的有鷗科、軍艦鳥科和鰹鳥科的鳥類。至於鷸科、(行鳥)科、鷺科、雁鴨科等在淡水水域和岸邊的沼澤地或海邊的潮間帶都可以看到。如菜園濕地、青螺濕地、北海潮間帶及澎南一帶的海濱都是極佳的賞鳥據點。

　　在澎湖，這些鳥類以鷗科中的燕鷗類最為主要。其中玄燕鷗、白眉燕鷗、紅燕鷗、蒼燕鷗、小燕鷗和鳳頭燕鷗是澎湖的夏候鳥，每年三至九月在澎湖繁殖，群集於各無人島上，因此，澎湖的夏季到處輕鷗片片。

　　陸鳥方面，由於澎湖地勢平坦，一眼望去盡是黃草遍地，又無高大原始樹林，所以陸域鳥類相當稀少，常見的鳥除麻雀、小雲雀、白頭鶲、綠繡眼、紅鳩、珠頸鳩、八哥等留鳥外，就只能等每年春、夏過境期，一些以澎湖為中繼站的過境鳥了。

　　自史溫候氏（Robert Shwinhoe）起至目前為止，澎湖有記錄的鳥種為二百九十九種，其中以過境鳥最多，占全部發現的鳥種的百分之五十二，其次是迷鳥占百分之二十三，再其次是冬候鳥占百分之十七，留鳥只占百分之五．四，夏候鳥則占百分之二．六。從上面的結果可知，澎湖由於地理位置、地表植被及氣候的因素，成為大批來南北返候鳥的中繼站。

貓嶼海鳥保護區

　　貓嶼位於澎湖群島的西南方海淢，距馬公市約五十公里，距望安西南方約二十五公里，離七美西北方約二十公里。貓嶼島是由大、小貓嶼所組成，面積共十．０二公頃，兩島東西對峙，由海上遠眺宛如兩隻貓蹲伏在海面上而得名。島上處處奇岩矗立，四周均被斷崖所圍繞，地形險惡，攀登不易。大貓嶼的最高點海拔七十九公尺，更是澎湖群島的最高峰。

　　截至目前為止，貓嶼共發現二十八科七十五種鳥類。但除夏候鳥燕鷗和留鳥岩鷺外，其餘鳥種大都偶爾經過，或甚至幾年才出現一次。燕鷗中又以白眉燕鷗和玄燕鷗數量最多，幾乎占了全部數量的百分之九十九。值得一提的是，相當稀有的短尾信天翁、黑腳信天翁、大水薙鳥、灰水薙鳥和白腹鰹鳥等也在此出現過。

資料來源：澎湖時報[2006/08/14]