Spots:說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上


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說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上


  清朝施琅將軍戰勝台灣鄭軍攻克澎湖後,在上表康熙皇帝的表文中提到:「在海戰時恍如神兵相助,戰勝後入廟進謁又發現的衣袍是濕的…」這段話,許多人認為施琅是在說謊編神話故事,其實施琅將軍所言,確實是有些「科學根據」的,並不全然是「唬哢」皇上的。

  話說施琅曾於康熙四年(西元一六六五年)率軍攻打台灣,但這一次受阻於強烈的東北季風,所以無功而返,自此之後,十多年,倍受康熙皇帝的冷落,到了康熙二十年,才因福建總督姚啟聖力薦下受任為福建水師提督,準備攻打台灣。爾後,姚啟聖與施琅就為了應該利用「北風或南風」出征的問題出現了嚴重的分岐(其實是為了爭奪這次軍事行動的主導權),康熙二十二年(西元一六八三年)施琅在取得康熙帝的「專征」諭令(也就是取得獨立統帥權)後,於六月十四日統兵二萬由銅山(今福建東山島)出發,進軍澎湖(按:台灣海峽的季候風,冬夏不同,冬季即農曆十月至隔年五月,盛行的是東北季風;夏季即六月至九月,則吹西南季風,而在五、六月與九、十月之間,由於冬夏季風的轉變,各有一段短時間的無風期。無風期期間偶有南風或北風交替吹襲的狀況。)十五日晚抵花嶼、八罩(望安),十六日一早,清軍發動第一波攻勢,由於當天刮北風,施琅水師由媽宮澳(馬公港)南方的八罩(望安)逆風而上,鄭軍在北方的媽宮澳順風而下,以逸代勞,得天時地利之便,結果是鄭軍大勝,而清軍敗逃(在三百多年前,不管是什麼船,所使用的動力不外乎「風力」和「人力」。順風者,則可傾全船之人力以迎戰;逆風時,則必須調撥部份人員搖櫓,以維持船前進之動力,所以當然是吃了大虧),這場戰役中施琅和大將藍理,更是雙雙掛彩狼狽之極。在清軍敗走之際,鄭軍陣營的兩員猛將江勝與邱煇曾主張趁勝進擊,但是鄭軍的陣前指揮劉國軒認為:「明天六月十七日起都是『觀音颶』『洗蒸籠颶』的日子(史書上有云:風之大而烈為颶。),沒有無風的道理,咱們暫且養精蓄銳,以逸代勞。」根據史料記載,劉國軒的推估是正確的,因為《澎湖記略》的風信條,六月十八、十九日的確有「彭婆暴」、「觀音暴」的記載。以此觀之,施琅的船隊,這些天如果停泊在八罩嶼則必覆滅無疑。

  或許真的如施琅所言,獲得媽祖的幫助和庇佑,施琅的船隊安全的渡過了幾個風和日麗的無風天,得以整軍待發,十九日當天,天際間忽然風雲變色,沒多久又震起響雷,正應了古諺:「六月有雷止三颱,七月一雷九颱來」的說法。接著,風向轉為正常的夏季風|西南風,戰況也轉向對船隊在南方的清軍有利,清軍終於也藉著南風攻克澎湖。

  有了前面所敘述南風、北風的概念,再來談施琅入廟進謁媽祖,發現媽祖和矗立兩旁的千里眼和順風耳的神像和衣袍是濕的,悟到媽祖助戰的情節。用較另類的角度來檢視一下:首先是天候的驟變,使得清軍反敗為勝,這確實不能不說是一項「神蹟」,而神像及衣袍半濕,相信那應該是施琅的「親眼所見」!怎麼說呢?因為初夏的南風天,通常是充滿著水氣,非常的濕潤,這是常有的事,一般人只要稍加留意,應該都能了解這個現象。所以,施琅入廟竭媽祖見濕衣,應不是假的。

  一個看似杜撰的神蹟,給一些寫實的依據,是不是更具趣味性和故事性呢?這也同時讓大家更能體會「乾冷的北風」和「溫濕的南風」,更了解古代的海戰中「氣候」所扮演的關鍵角色。


資料來源:澎湖時報 2006/07/22