Spots:如夢似幻的虎井沈城19821108
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如夢似幻的虎井沈城
文／古凌
國內一批潛水專家，連日前往澎湖外海探勘深埋海底三百年的一個傳說──虎井沉城。
虎井古城究竟是真是假，雖然無法證實，然而三百年來傳說紛紜，撲朔迷離。
傳說之一，得自連雅堂的「台灣通史」，文中載：
『澎湖虎井嶼之東南，有沉城焉。天空浪靜，望之在目。繚垣相錯，周可數十丈。漁者常得其磚，色紅若堅鐵，然當沒水鑿之，上生蠣蚌，似千數百年物。或曰，隋代之所建也，而文獻無徵，搢紳之士難言之。』
值得捉摸的是，虎井沉城的傳說會不會由「望之在目」衍生、附會而來？
虎井嶼，是面對馬公的一個小島，現有兩千餘居民，大都以打魚為生。根據史書記載，至少到清初的時候為止，澎湖像虎井、桶盤等的小嶼尚未設治。那麼，再遠溯到隋朝，是否會有築城的可能？
二十六年前出版的「今日澎湖」，有一段介紹澎湖八景的文字指出，隋朝曾在虎井建造城牆，後因地層下陷、海水上升，遂下沉海底。
果真如此，虎井沉城便極具歷史文化價值，不僅僅發人「滄海桑田」的感嘆而已。
傳說還不止此。另外有人說，虎井的沉城建於元朝，也因天搖地動沉落海底；再就是荷蘭人築城抗明兵，後來明軍以火藥埋於樓底轟之，致「樓傾下海」。
癥結在於傳說雖多，卻無從查考，只落得代代相傳，留給後人去揭開謎底。
虎井沉城既可「望之在目」，傳說畢竟是美的，適足讓人興思古的幽情，進而激發強烈的好奇心。
民國六十三年底，中華潛水公司董事長謝新曦從當時虎井村姓陳的村長口裡，聽到虎井沉城的故事，立刻極感興趣。他有潛水絕技在身，打算躍入海中親自探訪；澎湖縣政府知道他的計畫後，也鼓勵他從事這項壯舉。
在蒐集資料期間，因為一群「大唐海豚」湧到澎湖，謝新曦忙著去捉海豚，把探勘的工作擱下來。
去年夏天，他和幾個學生終於「下水」了。一年多來，他們輪流潛水百餘次，到今年十月中旬，他們「找到了」！
那一天是十月二十三日。清晨五時許，謝新曦和魏文宗、黃郁文、陳應中，從澎湖搭船到虎井；七時五十分左右，在虎井嶼面對蒔里鄉方向，距岸邊兩百公尺處下水，潛到四公尺深處，赫然看見一處珊瑚掩蔽的石牆。
這道「牆」，長約五十公尺至八十公尺，牆頭厚約一點五公尺、牆根厚約兩點五公尺；十一月六日，一支潛水隊又在這道石牆的北方，發現一堵南北走向的石牆，長度與高度和先前發現的相同。兩堵牆中間都有一處約二十公尺的缺口。
他們找到的，就是虎井沉域的遺蹟嗎？未必！卻很可能是傳說中的海底城的所在。
資料來源：【1982-11-08/聯合報/12版/萬象】
