SiteIntro:澎湖地名之旅Part19小管．鎖港

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From PHSea

　　馬公市鎖港里，自古至今，當地居民都以捕魚為業，尤其是在古代，是盛產小管魚的港灣，因此先民就取「小管」作地名。

　　清朝時代叫做「鎖港社」，屬「嵵裡澳」管轄。由於「小」與「鎖」這兩個字以標準泉州土音發音相似，先民用文字記載地名時，認為「小」這個字不好因而寫成「鎖」，沿用至今。

　　日據時期稱為「鎖管港」，光復時與鐵線合為一個里，叫「鎖鐵里」，民國三十五年（公元一九四六年）改為「鐵鎖里」，民國四十年（公元一九五一年）實施地方自治，重新規劃基層行政區域，才與鐵線分開，恢復獨立的一個里，叫「鎖港里」。

　　在清朝時代，鎖港就已經是個漁業相當發達的漁村，到了日本占領澎湖後不久，就在鎖港設置「漁業組合」（類似現在的漁會），方便管理漁船及課征漁業稅。

　　鎖港的漁業所以特別發達，是因為沿海漁場較多，加上古代澎湖沿海魚資源相當豐富，鎖港里先民每年的漁業收益高舤其他村里。

　　在鎖港南方沿海，有「南溝」及「北溝」兩個拖網漁場，村落南岸有個「海尪垵」（鯨魚洄游的港灣），自村落至烏崁里一帶港灣盛產小管、鰻及鰺科等魚類。

　　因此，澎湖最早使用「拖網」、「焚寄網」及「埋繒」捕魚的就是鎖港的先民。「拖網」，早年叫做「卡網」，是由帆船拖曳。

　　「焚寄網」，早年叫做「畚箕繒」，由兩艘漁船包操圍捕；「埋繒」，又名「四角繒」，共有四艘較大漁船及四艘小漁船共同作業。

　　四艘小漁船點燃火集魚，四艘較大漁船將四角形狀的「繒」（網）放下海底後，四艘小漁船就將集到的魚群引入「繒」內起網撈獲。

　　明、清兩個朝代的戰亂及賊禍，從未波及鎖港，現在，鎖港的漁業已經式微，但取代而起的是與台灣本島的西岸的通航，客、貨輪航運業蓬勃發展，來自台灣本島的全縣日常消費品，約有一半從鎖港吞吐，鎖港里已經成為馬公市第二個港埠。

資料來源:澎湖逍遙遊網站