Spots:澎湖地名之旅Part60 漁翁島 西嶼
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澎湖地名之旅Part60 漁翁島 西嶼
西嶼鄉明朝時代叫做「漁翁島」，到了清朝雍正年間朝廷開始文經武治，規劃行政區域時才改為「西嶼澳」，轄區包括「橫礁社」、「合界頭社」、「竹篙灣社」（竹灣村）、「小門社」、「大池角社」、「二崁社」、「小池角社」、「緝馬灣社」、「內暫社」（內垵村）、「外暫社」（外垵村）。
先民所以取名「漁翁島」，是因為古代台灣海峽漁業資源豐富，許多漁船多在西嶼鄉西方沿海作業，由於補魚的漁船多，因而取名「漁翁島」。
官府公文第一次寫著「西嶼澳」這個地名時，約在雍正中期，但是，自明朝一直到現在，曾在澎湖做官的人都叫「漁翁島」。
光復前後，有一段時期被外地人冠上一個不雅的地名：「寡婦島」，原因是由於古代沒有氣象預報，漁船出海遭遇颱風常發生海難，加上二次大戰盟軍空襲，造成不少人傷亡，若干妻子因而失去丈夫，「寡婦島」因此不徑而走。
日據時期前半期，行政區域重新調整，仍叫「西嶼澳」，但由「小池角支廳管轄」，將西嶼鄉分為「小池角區」及「內垵區」，後半期改為「西嶼庄」，「庄」類似現代的鄉，民國四十年實施地方自治，才稱為西嶼鄉，共轄十一村。
在明、清時代，西嶼鄉的特色之一是「烽火塔」特別多，凡是高地就設置燃燒烽火設施，白天放煙，晚上放火，作為示警，人們看到煙火時立刻準備防範或暫避。
因為古代台灣海峽是一條重要航道，商船、賊船、戰船來往頻繁，守著烽火塔的士兵一發現有船舶要登陸西嶼鄉時，馬上燃放烽火示警，「烽火」就是現代的警報器。
長久以來，若干考古學者看到漁翁島上不少年代久遠的石堆，大多不了解它是什麼遺跡，後來經過一段時期進行田野研究，才知道是明、清時代遺留的「烽火塔」，如果那麼多烽火塔現在仍然保留完好，將是一項考古資源。
資料來源：澎湖縣政府
