Spots:澎湖褒歌簡介
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Revision as of 10:50, 4 August 2006 Smilelong (Talk | contribs) 澎湖褒歌簡介 moved to Spots:澎湖褒歌簡介 ← Previous diff |
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兩枝甘蔗平平長, | 兩枝甘蔗平平長, | ||
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媽宮對面西嶼庄, | 媽宮對面西嶼庄, | ||
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文/洪敏聰
褒歌文化遠隨祖先由閩南傳入澎湖,它表達了人們的心境,反應了社會的民情,更將包羅萬象的知識透過口唱吟詠的歌句,綿延傳承。
褒歌的「褒」有創作的含意,因為就歌詞而言,不是每一首歌詞都在褒獎什麼,反倒是很多歌詞都有有摳褻的意味。
諺語有:「四句全才有出門」。這句話就是指褒歌的人,把四句歌詞都想齊全了之後才說出口。另外有一句諺語是用來譏笑褒不出四句歌詞的人,它是這樣講的:「褒歌若無四句,就斬頭搵火灰。」。這句話的意思是說:褒出一首歌來,如果沒能湊成完整的四句,就要把頭砍起來沾染灰燼。這句話是在罵人笨,也就是說褒不出四句歌的人就是笨死了,可以把頭砍下來製作成標本。所以由上述兩句來看,褒歌的基本型式是一首四句,舉例如下:
十枝關刀十枝瘦,
十雙弓鞋繡蝶婆,
阿妹生嫷邀兄好,
後日生囝親像哥。
雖然褒歌的基本型式是四句,但是仍有一些比較特殊的例子,有六句的、八句的或者超過十句以上。例如:
兩枝甘蔗平平長,
媽宮對面西嶼庄,
阿娘仔離阮無偌遠,
可惜海水隔中央,
等待下昏五點?
西基載阮轉,
今暝搭卜邀娘仔睏共床。
又例:
出志願做軍夫,
這是國民義務,
出征伓比在咱厝,
著愛保重咱身軀,
遲緩母恩來(難)長久,
東洋平和仙所賜,
有名軍夫上營頭,
看送儂亂 ,
咱做人民守後,
盡忠報國才有 。
這首褒歌創作於日治時期。在大東亞戰爭爆發之後,日本軍方在台灣及澎湖大肆徵調軍夫。歌詞內容顯示的是人民對日本政府的效忠,做軍夫也是志願提出來,並且認為這是國民對國家應盡的義務,當然他也知道這是出征,非常危險,所以要保重自己的身體,因為母親的要求,雖可遲延幾天入營,但終究還是要去當軍夫,東洋要能和平,除非神仙所賜,換句話說東洋戰爭是無法停止的。軍夫點名要報到入營,看熱鬧的、送行的亂成一團,形容入伍時熱鬧吵雜的景象。最後兩句是說:我們不能入營的民眾,要作軍人的後盾,盡忠報國才是最高尚的行為。表現了國民對於國家盡忠報國的赤誠。
褒歌是要花費一些心思去體會,也要花費一些腦力去創作,而褒出來的歌,不過博人一笑或是在口頭上佔一點便宜而已,究竟褒歌含有什麼樣的樂趣?這可由地方的諺語來窺見一二。「有歌有曲心頭鬆,無歌無曲成戇儂。」。這句諺語是說:一個人能編歌會唱曲心頭自然輕鬆愉快,如果不會編歌也不會唱曲那就跟傻瓜差不多。會褒歌會唱曲的人由於生中有這麼豐富的快樂因子,比起不會褒歌不會唱曲的人,那人生的旅途是多麼的燦爛有趣。總之,褒歌的作用就是在使自己隨時保有一顆愉快的心情,人生才會過得快樂,這也就是褒歌的樂趣所在。
先民在創作「褒歌」的同時,由於日常生活中所接觸的事物,無不可以褒歌來表達,例如以南瓜開花來作開篇:
金瓜開花圓端端,
匏仔開花高高,
阿娘合哥無啥款,
因何目尾咧相觀?
或以自我心境的表白,例如:
手摜菜籃挽芫荽,
三挽四挽挽開,
父母問囝去佗位?
神魂邀哥分 開。
或以應答式俗稱「褒相褻」的方式來表現,例如:
問:子牙下山卜看命,
半路拄著琵琶精,
我問篇伯仔汝一件,
天公伊叫啥乜名?
答:三國桃園三結義,
九伐中原收姜維,
若問天公我講起,
伊是姓張名叫儀。
這種「褒相褻」的歌,只要回答的一方能夠褒出歌來對應,就可以無限制的褒下去,直到一方答不出來,那一方就算輸了,也就是被「褻倒了」。但是「褒相褻」的歌,也可以在一問一答間決出勝負,在一問一答的情況下又如何分出勝負?這就需要由旁觀者來當仲裁。出題者要有答題的腹案,以便和答題者的答案相較,再由旁觀者裁示何人答內容比較貼切而決定勝負。勝負的判斷,是就各人所褒歌詞的含意、詞句的押韻、氣勢的連貫、典故的運用或具物比擬是否恰當等各方面來考量。
褒歌以講述(俗稱「唸口白」)或唸唱的方式來表達。講述時以加重、延長或縮短某一些字的音調來詮釋歌的意境。唸唱則以歌仔戲的調,或以一種類似吟唱詩句的調來唱它。其音節長短、音調高低,隨傳唱者個人而異。故俗諺有云:「狗喉乞食聲,唱曲無儂聽」。這句話的意思是:好像狗的嚎聲或如乞丐的求乞聲,這種聲喉唱出來的歌曲沒有人會喜歡聽。竟即批評歌唱者音色及音調均不美。如何妥善運用音韻以詮釋歌詞的意境,就在於表達者個人如何去轉化他的巧思。
讀者們若於澎湖的褒歌有興趣,歡迎到澎湖來做一趟深度的文化之旅,也可向澎湖縣文化局海洋資源館櫃台洽購「澎湖的褒歌」乙冊,以為澎湖采風之參據。
資料來源:連結點