Spots:牽罟
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Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
Strict Standards: Non-static method MagicWord::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /var/www/html/mediawiki/includes/Parser.php on line 1952
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- | *'''資料來源:http://www.fa.gov.tw/chn/fish_culture/penghu_culture/page001_method.php''' | + | *'''資料來源:[http://www.fa.gov.tw/chn/fish_culture/penghu_culture/page001_method.php 連結點]''' |
Current revision
「牽罟」就是使用地曳網來捕魚的一種漁撈作 業,在澎湖又稱「牽網」或「牽繪」。四、五十年 以前,那個生活較為困苦的年代,能擁有船隻、網 具的「大戶」並不多,牽罟作業的設備簡單,可合 數十戶共同投資,甚至於可用人力游泳海上佈網, 一舉解決了船、網兩難的問題,當然會受到廣大的 歡迎。尤其是澎湖冬季風浪險惡,出海作業相當危險,牽罟的漁場大都位於背風的南面海域,拖網的人力又是在沙岸上進行作業不但安全度相對提高,而且適時彌補了冬季漁撈的真空。無怪乎「牽罟」在三十年前的澎湖,可其是風光一時。「地曳網」的構造有很多變化,基本上在中央部位有一個用來圍載漁獲物的網袋,兩邊有繫在兩 條很長的曳繩(曳網)上的袖網(翼網、網腳),上網的「浮子」,下網的「沈子」,其微妙的平衡設計,使上網不下沈,下網不離底,可順利的將魚群驅入網袋中。當然整具網的大小可因人因地制宜,普通的網面約有兩公尺高,數百公尺長,必須由三、四十人合力操作才可作業。牽罟的作業季節不 分春、夏、秋、冬,作業時在白天或夜晚均可,尤 其以黃昏、黎明時為最理想,漁獲量最多。其作業 地點必須選擇海底平坦,沒有礁石分佈,潮水緩和 的地方。澎湖沿海的砂質沿岸,如西嶼鄉的外垵村 、內垵村、小池角的網垵;湖西鄉的龍門村、林投村;澎南區的山水、嵵裡;望安鄉的東垵村等,都 是理想的作業地點(見圖一)。
一組完整的牽罟作業,網、繩、浮子、沈子、舢舨、人力等六個要項缺一不可。除了舢舨、人力以外,其餘四項大多是集合數戶,甚至數十戶的財力所共組,既不是你的、也不是我的,是「我們」的。四、五十年以前,網、繩可都是網組的成員合力製作的血汗結晶,可說得來不易。網的部份:最早使用的材質為苧麻絲,接著用棉線,因前二者易腐朽,民國六十多年再改用塑膠,進一步用尼龍,一百到現在的「玻璃絲」,有著二段坎坷的「演化」歷程。外垵村民許泉順回憶當時的製網過程確實備極艱辛:苧麻自台灣買進,先分後破再旋股(由女人、小孩來做),接合成線,再牽線刺網。整組苧麻絲還要加上蛋白、桐油、和水共染、染後晒乾,再放入約2米高、2人合抱的蒸桶內蒸上10個小時(桐油在網肉上黏上一層,較耐用而不曾腐朽,蛋白則使網肉的顏色較淡,牽網上岸時較不曾驚嚇魚群),取出晒乾後才算大功告成。網繩部份也是從台灣買進瓊麻纖維,(本地龍舌蘭(白樟)纖維質地較差並不合用)分送各戶分工搓合再相接而成。牽罟作業由於作業範圍、網具大小、風向潮流、應嵵時魚種,可用人力等諸多因素的影響,各村皆有其特定的模式,除了小池角的網主顏柄已歿,無法自其相關親屬處取得資料外,其餘各村全盛時期的牽罟作業簡述如下:
- 外垵村:
- 內垵村:
內垵國小前面,有一片遼闊的沙灘,非常適合牽罟漁作。日據時代內垵村分為二「保」,各「保」皆以牽「大網」作業,後來改用小網(即地曳網),全村約有7-8組繪。每組繪都是由多戶出資合夥。每戶十多潯網肉合編而成。自網口 到網袋底(黑馬)總長約15潯,上網每2到3尺繫一梧桐木浮子;下網則繫上2寸長的土墜。魚獲人人有份,大人一份。小孩半份,幾乎全村總動員。因網主多已作古,薛必柔先生的父親也是網主之一,惜因年老,無法表達昔日的盛況,據薛必柔先生說法,內垵的牽繪到民國51年就已畫上了休止符。
- 東安村:
- 林投村:
作業地點在林投灣,早期共有五組網,網主之一的吳再續先生有二組網分屬於28個股東,冬季用400潯大網,朽壞後末修補,夏季用網200潯,目前仍使用中,8年前網質已改用玻璃絲。上網浮子為圓形塑膠製品,下網則採用鉛墜。袖網長約70潯。每年有二個作業季節,2-4月為第一季,作業後休網,分拆修補再行合織。7-8月為第二季,作業後則進行整網以待來春。苦船二艘,一載網具、一載繩綱。單船作業時,一船九人,出海一櫓,回程二櫓,輪流替代。
- 龍門村:
- 山水里:
在南岸進行牽網,最早以前有10組,網肉是由苧仔絲染藷而成,20年前改為塑膠及尼龍製品,目前僅剩陳為富先生三組。大網100多潯、中網60潯、小網40潯。網高3-4潯。單船作業,自東邊放網。每年的正月煦抽籤決定出網序,自西側的30高地依籤序向東排列"可排6組網,直到東側碼頭。每組網l0個股東。6歲以上算一份。山水的漁場是個活港,水緣向南30公尺後愈行愈深,南流起時,水向西南流,退潮時,水向東南流。是個標準的地曳網拖場,只要是北風天,不分潮汐皆可作業,但以黃昏時較好。罟船為平頭舢舨,一船四人(一人大櫓,一人小櫓、兩人放網),曾經有過一網數千斤白鱙的記錄。
- 嵵裡:
早期有四個網主,6組網。規模最大的應屬現年84高齡的陳順孝先生,目前仍擁有三組網:一組牽定藍、黑鱙,一組牽仔,最後一組牽臭肚、巴攏。因年歲已高,由其子林山忠先生接棒作業。5分粗的尼龍主繩長2000公尺,網腳則是由「唐絲」以8紋尺刺編而成總長250潯,網袋8紋尺共長15米,浮子是塑膠或橡膠製品,1尺1個,沈子是5錢重鉛製品,一尺一個。玻璃絲在15年前開 始用於牽罟網具。每年在冬季作業較好,如遇倒吹風,魚群容易集結,是下網的良機。滿潮時風流太透,選擇低潮,無流的夜間作業,漁獲較理想。作業人數至少6人,拖網人力最少12人。罟船單艘,一船3-5人,每船二櫓,大櫓(主櫓)丈八,小櫓 (崁櫓)丈四,每櫓二人輪流替換,另一人放繩或 幫助放網。搖櫓者在夜間還要負責看星、咬山瓣。數十年前,由於時勢造英雄,牽罟漁法確實盛行一時,為昔日的漁民立下了汗馬功勞,「網腳魚影,網袋飼母子。」此流傳一時的民諺可為有力的佐證。可是今日已非昔比,漁撈技術的進步,長年毒魚、炸魚的人為破壞造成漁源枯竭,使牽罟喪失 了天時;築港、築堤、填海造陸等破壞了漁場,使牽罟喪失了地利;收獲不穩定,年青人口大量外流 ,漁村勞動力不足,使牽罟喪失了人和。「甘苦賺、鑽浪隙,賺沒吃,固再拿槌子摃額。」的應景民 諺也為今日牽罟必走上日漸式微、終被淘汰做了最貼切的註腳。昔日的牽罟勝地外垵、內垵、龍門等處,早已成了祭港、祭堤的牲品;林投、山水、嵵裡、東安等處,也已淪為休閒觀光的「細姨」產業,在夕陽的餘暈中苟延喘。大夥兒可曾想過,這些宿存的牽罟「朝露」在明天旭日東昇之時,還能保有多少昔日的晶瑩光華?
- 資料來源:連結點