Spots:說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上
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Current revision Smilelong (Talk | contribs) 說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上 moved to Spots:說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上 |
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說是媽祖助戰不全是唬哢皇上
清朝施琅將軍戰勝台灣鄭軍攻克澎湖後，在上表康熙皇帝的表文中提到：「在海戰時恍如神兵相助，戰勝後入廟進謁又發現的衣袍是濕的…」這段話，許多人認為施琅是在說謊編神話故事，其實施琅將軍所言，確實是有些「科學根據」的，並不全然是「唬哢」皇上的。
話說施琅曾於康熙四年（西元一六六五年）率軍攻打台灣，但這一次受阻於強烈的東北季風，所以無功而返，自此之後，十多年，倍受康熙皇帝的冷落，到了康熙二十年，才因福建總督姚啟聖力薦下受任為福建水師提督，準備攻打台灣。爾後，姚啟聖與施琅就為了應該利用「北風或南風」出征的問題出現了嚴重的分岐（其實是為了爭奪這次軍事行動的主導權），康熙二十二年（西元一六八三年）施琅在取得康熙帝的「專征」諭令（也就是取得獨立統帥權）後，於六月十四日統兵二萬由銅山（今福建東山島）出發，進軍澎湖（按：台灣海峽的季候風，冬夏不同，冬季即農曆十月至隔年五月，盛行的是東北季風；夏季即六月至九月，則吹西南季風，而在五、六月與九、十月之間，由於冬夏季風的轉變，各有一段短時間的無風期。無風期期間偶有南風或北風交替吹襲的狀況。）十五日晚抵花嶼、八罩（望安），十六日一早，清軍發動第一波攻勢，由於當天刮北風，施琅水師由媽宮澳（馬公港）南方的八罩（望安）逆風而上，鄭軍在北方的媽宮澳順風而下，以逸代勞，得天時地利之便，結果是鄭軍大勝，而清軍敗逃（在三百多年前，不管是什麼船，所使用的動力不外乎「風力」和「人力」。順風者，則可傾全船之人力以迎戰；逆風時，則必須調撥部份人員搖櫓，以維持船前進之動力，所以當然是吃了大虧），這場戰役中施琅和大將藍理，更是雙雙掛彩狼狽之極。在清軍敗走之際，鄭軍陣營的兩員猛將江勝與邱煇曾主張趁勝進擊，但是鄭軍的陣前指揮劉國軒認為：「明天六月十七日起都是『觀音颶』『洗蒸籠颶』的日子（史書上有云：風之大而烈為颶。），沒有無風的道理，咱們暫且養精蓄銳，以逸代勞。」根據史料記載，劉國軒的推估是正確的，因為《澎湖記略》的風信條，六月十八、十九日的確有「彭婆暴」、「觀音暴」的記載。以此觀之，施琅的船隊，這些天如果停泊在八罩嶼則必覆滅無疑。
或許真的如施琅所言，獲得媽祖的幫助和庇佑，施琅的船隊安全的渡過了幾個風和日麗的無風天，得以整軍待發，十九日當天，天際間忽然風雲變色，沒多久又震起響雷，正應了古諺：「六月有雷止三颱，七月一雷九颱來」的說法。接著，風向轉為正常的夏季風｜西南風，戰況也轉向對船隊在南方的清軍有利，清軍終於也藉著南風攻克澎湖。
有了前面所敘述南風、北風的概念，再來談施琅入廟進謁媽祖，發現媽祖和矗立兩旁的千里眼和順風耳的神像和衣袍是濕的，悟到媽祖助戰的情節。用較另類的角度來檢視一下：首先是天候的驟變，使得清軍反敗為勝，這確實不能不說是一項「神蹟」，而神像及衣袍半濕，相信那應該是施琅的「親眼所見」！怎麼說呢？因為初夏的南風天，通常是充滿著水氣，非常的濕潤，這是常有的事，一般人只要稍加留意，應該都能了解這個現象。所以，施琅入廟竭媽祖見濕衣，應不是假的。
一個看似杜撰的神蹟，給一些寫實的依據，是不是更具趣味性和故事性呢？這也同時讓大家更能體會「乾冷的北風」和「溫濕的南風」，更了解古代的海戰中「氣候」所扮演的關鍵角色。
資料來源：澎湖時報 2006/07/22
