SiteIntro:澎湖地名之旅part1 仙島方壼
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「澎湖」這個地名，歷朝以來各有不同稱呼，下列三種「考證」如下：
秦、漢時代：叫做「方壼」，顯然是以地形取名，因為馬公市內灣─沿馬公港到風櫃半島北岸，像一個扁形方壼。
唐朝時代：叫做「彭湖」，這是個水名，如昌魏縣、魯山縣、房縣等境內都有地名叫「彭水」，取名「彭湖」，與大陸內地水名有關。
南宋時代：叫做「澎湖」，也是以環境取名，即澎湖外海波浪澎湃，內海則像一個湖，與澎湖環境十分吻合，因而沿用至今。
據文獻記載，目前陳列於台灣歷史博物館中的石斧之一，就是在澎湖湖西鄉虎頭山出：日本考古學者伊能嘉矩於民國廿九、三二年，在澎湖白沙鄉等地發掘「無紋陶器片和耳陶器片」（白沙鄉瞭望山、永安橋南端），「繩紋土器片、石斧斷片及赤色無紋土器片」（湖西鄉龍門村海邊）等先民遺物。
民國十一、十二兩年，台大已故地質學教授林朝棨，在澎湖發現貝塚共廿六處，較引人注意的是人類頭骨、玉質飾物、陶器、獸骨、鐵器、古錢：其中一枚「熙寧元寶」，據說是全省最早出土的古錢。
這些先民遺物，可歸納為兩大類：
繩紋陶器片、石斧斷片：屬「先民文化層」。
陶器、古錢、鐵器：屬「近代文化層」。
「先民文化層」，發源於華北，與大陸「先史繩紋陶器文化層」具有同樣悠久的歷史─至少在秦、漢時代之前，可見當時澎湖與大陸已有交通，先民文化才能在澎湖傳播。
在秦始皇與漢武帝時代，武功蓋世，領土遍及中原西類：東對日本、韓國，西通西藏，南及中南半島，北至外蒙。
這兩代帝王都崇拜神仙，經常派人往東海訪仙，尋求長生不老的藥材；如文獻記載：「秦皇、漢武信好神仙不死之術，道家方土競相用事、採藥訪仙，泛舟東海諸島百餘年，海上早有神山仙人之傳聞……」。
「方壼」，就是秦漢帝王訪仙尋求不死之藥的仙島（澎湖）。
資料來源:澎湖逍遙遊網站
