Spots:澎湖地名之旅Part58 古老村落 鎮海
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澎湖地名之旅Part58 古老村落 鎮海
白沙鄉鎮海村，是澎湖的古老村落之一，明朝萬曆年間就有先民居住了，地名叫做「鎮海」，是因為有的先民來自浙江省鎮海縣，為了紀念先民居住地而取的地名。
鎮海縣，漢朝叫做「鄂縣」，五代稱為「望海縣」，宋朝改為「定海縣」，明朝稱「寧波府」，清朝康熙年間恢復「定海縣」，後來又改為「鎮海縣」。
明朝萬曆二十七年（1598），先民就興建了「福安宮」，供祀哪吒太子；到清咸豐三年（1853），已是第三次重修。
明朝天啟四年（1624），福建巡撫南居益，派遣「守備」吳夢熊，率領大批戰船，從吉貝島登陸，驅逐占據澎湖的荷蘭軍隊，他一邊與紅毛番（荷蘭軍人）作戰，一邊營建鎮海城作為前進基地，攻潰設在瓦硐村的紅毛砲台。
王夢熊將紅毛番趕出澎湖後，隨即班師返回福建，現在的鎮海城連城基都沒有，相傳王夢熊不是用土石建城，而是以黑布圍的假城，這是心戰方法之一，用來威嚇紅毛番的。
在清朝時代，鎮海村是類似現代的鄉治所在地，叫做「鎮海澳鎮海社」，日據時期前半期屬於「馬公支廳白沙庄」管轄，後半期改由「大赤崁支廳鎮海區」管轄，稱為「鎮海鄉（村）」，光復後民國四十年實施地方自治，重新規劃行政區域，才叫做白沙鄉鎮海村。
鎮海村是個小村落，人口外流嚴重，以民國七十六年人口尚未大量外流為例，當年居民共有九十九人，男性五十五人，女性四十四人，現在更少了。
乾隆三十二年（1767），澎湖廳開始建立戶籍資料，當年「鎮海澳」（包括鎮海、港子、歧頭、小赤崁四村）的人口是一千三百五十三人，平均每村有二百人以上，比現在多，顯見鎮海村人口外流是在乾隆以後。
資料來源：澎湖縣政府
