SiteIntro:澎湖地名之旅Part10 東衛

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From PHSea

　　馬公市東衛里，這個地名濫觴於明朝施曆十五年（公元一六六一年），已有四百年歷史，至今未曾改變。

　　明朝永曆十五年春天，鄭成功率領戰船數百艘，軍隊二萬多人，自金門開到澎湖，鄭家軍於登陸「娘媽宮」（即今馬公市，指今中央里天后宮前面海岸）後，鄭成功立即派一名將領名叫楊祖，率領一千多名官兵，到距「娘媽宮」東方約二里處海岸部署軍防，由於軍防據點是在「娘媽宮」之東，因此鄭家軍即取「東衛」為地名。

　　鄭成功登陸澎湖的日期，「台灣外記」記載是永曆十五年二月，「台灣通史」記載是三月，「澎湖縣誌」記載是三月廿三日。

　　由於登陸日期各說各話，無論二月或三月，古代是以農曆計算，本文只好籠統地稱為春天，也就是早在公元一六六一年的春天，「東衛」這個地名就誕生了。

　　清朝時代叫做「東衛社」，屬「東西澳」管轄，「東西澳」的全銜是「東衛西衛澳」，因為鄭成功登陸澎湖後，派出三名將領─楊祖、林福、張在，分別在「娘媽宮宣撫司」後面三處海岸部署防守據點─即「東衛」、「中衛」、「西衛」。

　　清朝的澎湖地方政「澎湖海防糧捕廳」，因而沿襲鄭家軍所取地名，規劃「東西澳」這個行政區域。「東西澳衙門」的地點，相傳是設在今省立馬公高中東側海岸，原縣農會一幢倉庫附近，那個地方就是「中衛」，鄭家軍的將領之一─林福，曾率領一千多官兵，在此處駐防，如日本殖民政府於清朝光緒廿二年（公元一八九六年），規劃澎湖基層行政區域時，仍叫「東衛社」，光復初期，東衛與安宅合為一個里，民國四十年實施地方自治，才與安宅分開，成為一個東衛里。

　　這個具有四百年歷史的地名─東衛，雖然鄭家軍早已徹走，地名仍然存在，可供研究鄭成功東征歷程的人士參考。

資料來源:澎湖逍遙遊網站